casa |  | Saúde e Doença >  | Dieta e Nutrição | Controle de Peso

Interações Medicamento-Alimento: Pares Principais a Evitar

Clinically significant food-drug interactions alter pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics:

Food/ComponentMedication ClassInteraction MechanismClinical Effect
Grapefruit juice (furanocoumarins)CYP3A4 substrates: statins (simva, lovasta, atorva), CCBs (felodipine, nifedipine), some benzos, immunosuppressantsIrreversible CYP3A4 inhibition (gut)↑ Drug levels → toxicity (rhabdo, hypotension, sedation)
Dairy (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺)Tetracyclines, fluoroquinolonesChelation → ↓ absorptionTreatment failure
Tyramine-rich (aged cheese, cured meat, fermented soy, red wine)MAOIs (phenelzine, tranylcypromine)Displaced NE → hypertensive crisisStroke, intracranial hemorrhage
High potassium (banana, potato, spinach)K⁺-sparing diuretics (spironolactone, triamterene), ACEi/ARB + K⁺ supplementAdditive K⁺ retentionHyperkalemia → arrhythmia
Vitamin K (kale, spinach, broccoli)WarfarinAntagonizes VKA↓ INR → thrombosis risk
AlcoholDisulfiram, metronidazole, CNS depressantsDisulfiram: ALDH inhibition; others: additive sedationFlushing, nausea, hypotension, respiratory depression
CaffeineStimulants (methylphenidate), theophylline, clozapineAdditive CNS stimulation / CYP1A2 inhibitionAnxiety, insomnia, tachycardia, toxicity

General Principles

  • Consistent diet (especially vitamin K for warfarin).
  • Separate dosing: 2–4 hr for chelation interactions.
  • Pharmacist review at each prescription change.
  • Patient education: written list, not just verbal.

Individual variability (genetics, microbiome, disease) modifies risk.

Controle de Peso

direitos autorais © www.365saude.com.br Saúde e Doença