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Prevenção de Diarreia por Higiene: Interrupção da Via Fecal-Oral

Diarrheal diseases spread primarily via fecal-oral route; hygiene breaks transmission.

1. Hand Hygiene

Soap + water ≥20 sec after defecation, before food prep/eating, after child care. Reduces diarrhea incidence by 30–48% (Cochrane).

2. Safe Water

Protected source, treatment (boil, chlorine, filter, SODIS), safe storage (narrow-neck container). Prevents cholera, typhoid, viral, parasitic diarrhea.

3. Sanitation

Improved latrines/sewers isolate feces. Open defecation → environmental contamination → flies, water pollution.

4. Food Safety

Cook thoroughly, separate raw/cooked, reheat to steaming, avoid high-risk street food. Prevents Salmonella, E. coli, Clostridium.

5. Environmental Hygiene

Solid waste management, drainage, vector control reduce pathogen reservoirs.

6. Breastfeeding

Exclusive BF 6 months → ↓ diarrhea mortality (IgA, oligosaccharides, no contaminated water).

7. Vaccination

Rotavirus vaccine (↓ severe diarrhea 40–60%), cholera vaccine (endemic/outbreak).

Integrated Approach

WASH (Water, Sanitation, Hygiene) programs + nutrition + vaccination = sustainable reduction.

Diarrhea remains 2nd leading infectious killer of children <5; hygiene is foundational prevention.