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TED Stockings: Thromboembolic Deterrent Hose for DVT Prevention

TED stands for ThromboEmbolic Deterrent—anti-embolism stockings designed to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in immobilized patients. They provide graduated compression, highest at the ankle and decreasing proximally, to promote venous return.

Indications

• Postoperative patients (especially orthopedic, abdominal, pelvic surgery).
• Immobility from stroke, trauma, or critical illness.
• High-risk pregnancy and postpartum.
• History of venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Mechanism of Action

Graduated compression (typically 18 mmHg at the ankle, tapering to 8 mmHg at the thigh) increases venous blood velocity, reduces venous stasis, and enhances fibrinolytic activity, thereby lowering clot formation risk.

TED vs. Medical Graduated Compression Stockings (GCS)

Feature	TED (Anti-embolism)	Medical GCS
Compression Pressure	Low: 8–18 mmHg	Higher: 20–30, 30–40 mmHg
Target Patient	Bedbound, supine, non-ambulatory	Ambulatory, mobile
Appearance	White, open-toe, often knee or thigh length	Various colors, styles (knee, thigh, pantyhose), closed or open toe
Use Case	Hospital inpatient DVT prophylaxis	Chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, lymphedema, post-thrombotic syndrome

Contraindications & Precautions

• Severe peripheral arterial disease (ABI <0.8).
• Decompensated heart failure (preload reduction risk).
• Skin infection, dermatitis, or massive leg edema.

Fitting & Maintenance

Size by calf circumference (not shoe size). Replace every 3–6 months as elasticity degrades. Monitor skin integrity regularly.